Such designs were thought to have spiritual significance as well as functioning as a status symbol. 300 BC–300 AD), tattoo designs were observed and remarked upon by Chinese visitors in Kyushu. There are similarities, however, between such markings and the tattoo traditions observed in other contemporaneous cultures. Some scholars have suggested that the distinctive cord-marked patterns observed on the faces and bodies of figures dated to that period represent tattoos, but this claim is not unanimously accepted. Tattooing for spiritual and decorative purposes in Japan is thought to extend back to at least the Jōmon or paleolithic period (approximately 10,000 BC) on the Japanese archipelago. 'carving') which have a slightly different significance. Tattoos are also sometimes called horimono ( 彫り物, lit. Each of these synonyms can also be read as irezumi, a gikun reading of these kanji. 'patterning the body'), shisei ( 刺青, lit.
In Japanese, irezumi literally means 'inserting ink' and can be written in several ways, most commonly as 入れ墨. Two characters in the 1972 film Hanzo the Razor, set in the Edo period, are depicted with ring tattoos on their left arms as punishment for theft and kidnapping.Īt the beginning of the Meiji period, the Japanese government outlawed tattoos, which reinforced the stigma against people with tattoos and tattooing in modern-day Japan. Tattoos came to be associated with criminals within Japanese society. The shape of the tattoo was based on where the crime occurred. The location of the tattoo was determined by the crime thieves were tattooed on the arm, murderers on the head.
Horishi typically have one or more apprentices working for them, whose apprenticeship can last for a long time period historically, horishi were admired as figures of bravery and roguish sex appeal.ĭuring the Edo period, irezumi kei ("tattoo punishment") was a criminal penalty. It is a painful and time-consuming process, practiced by a limited number of specialists known as horishi. This method also requires special ink known as Nara ink (also called zumi) tattooing practiced by both the Ainu people and the Ryukyuan people uses ink derived from the indigo plant. 'inserting ink') (also spelled 入墨 or sometimes 刺青) is the Japanese word for tattoo, and is used in English to refer to a distinctive style of Japanese tattooing, though it is also used as a blanket term to describe a number of tattoo styles originating in Japan, including tattooing traditions from both the Ainu people and the Ryukyuan Kingdom.Īll forms of irezumi are applied by hand, using wooden handles and metal needles attached via silk thread. JSTOR ( August 2018) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message).Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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